IVF
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EVEN SECOND HAND SMOKE (FROM PARTNER) CAN BE A DETERMINING FACTOR IN CONCEIVING!
NICALERT™ is a simple point of care diagnostic tool that:
- Is FDA and CE approved
- Can be used with either a urine or a saliva sample
- Tests for cotinine (a nicotine metabolite) in 20 minutes
- Is a cost-effective semi-quantitative test to determine smoking status
- Is a fast, inexpensive and easy to use disposable test strip
1. FERTILITY EFFECTS OF NICOTINE ON WOMEN AND MEN
- Cessation for at least two months before IVF treatment doubles chances of conception
- Twice as many IVF attempts required to conceive in smokers
- Lower sperm count and motility
- Increased abnormalities in sperm shape and function
- Smokers require higher doses of gonadotropins to stimulate ovaries, have lower peak estradiol levels, fewer oocytes obtained, more cancelled cycles, lower implantation rates
- Accelerates the loss of eggs and reproductive function and advance menopause by several years
- Associated with increase risk of spontaneous miscarriage
- Pregnant smokers prone to low birth weight and premature births
- Increased incidence of sudden infant death syndrome in smokers homes
2. OBSTETRICIANS AND GYNAECOLOGISTS-EFFECTS OF SMOKING
- Increased risks of cervical and breast cancer
- Increases number of required screening (smear tests)
- Risk factor for mucinous epithelial ovarian cancer
- Smoking and high BMI, may predispose a woman to more severe or frequent hot flushes
3. PAEDIATRICIANS-EFFECTS OF SMOKING ON INFANTS
- Smoking during pregnancy is associated with preterm delivery and low birth weight, low birth weight is associated with higher risks of death and diseases in infancy and early childhood
- Newborns whose mothers smoked during pregnancy have the same nicotine levels in their bloodstream's as adults who smoke, and they go through withdrawal during their first days of life
- Infants born to smoking mother have increased circulating absolute nucleated RBC (immature) and this correlates to the numbers of cigarettes smoked during pregnancy
- Smoking increases the chances of sudden infant death syndrome, learning disorders, attention deficit disorder and disruptive behaviour
REFERENCES
- Smoking and fertility’ Vicken Sahakian, MD, Pacific fertility Centre, 10921 Wilshire Blvd. Ste.700, Los angeles , CA 90024
- GS Cooper, DD Baird, BS Hulka, CR Weinberg, DA Savitz, Hughes CL, JrFollicle-stimulating hormone concentrations in relation to active and passive smoking
- BJ Van Voorhis, JD Dawson, DW Stovall, AE Sparks, CH SyropThe effects of smoking on ovarian function and fertility during assisted reproduction cycles
- RM KretzschmarSmoking and health: the role of the obstetrician and gynecologistObstet. Gynecol., Apr 1980; 55: 403 - 406.
- ZABRISKIE, JREffect of cigaret smoking during pregnancy. Study of 2000 casesObstet. Gynecol., Apr 1963; 21: 405 - 411.
More references can be found here.
